
Eyewitness Identification
Category
Law textbook,
Crime textbook
Part I: The Psychology of the Eyewitness
- 1. Reliability of Eyewitness Identification
- 1.1 – The Effect of Eyewitness Testimony
- 1.2 – The Causes of False Identification
- 1.3 – The Individual Witness Capability
- 1.3.1 – Age
- 1.3.2 – Sex
- 1.3.3 – Race
- 1.3.4 – Training
- 1.3.5 – Anxiety Level
- 2. Perception
- 2.1 – The Physiological Factor: Sight
- 2.2 – The Environmental Factor: Conditions of Observation
- 2.3 – The Human Factor: Emotions and Attitudes
- 2.4 – Perceiving People
- 2.4.1 – Categorizing
- 2.4.2 – Physiognomy
- 2.4.3 – Transference of Memories
- 3. Memory
- 3.1 – Effect of Thought Processes on Memory
- 3.2 – Effect of Intervening Information on Memory
- 3.3 – Recall: The Psychology of Interrogation
- 3.4 – Remembering Faces
- 3.4.1 – Facial Features
- 3.4.2 – Descriptions and Identification
- 3.4.3 – Prosopagnosia
- 4. Scientific Determination of Truth
- 4.1 – Physiological Detection
- 4.1.1 – The Polygraph
- 4.1.2 – Voice-Stress Analysis
- 4.2 – Inducing Truth and Recal
- 4.2.1 – “Truth Serum”
- 4.2.2 – Hypnosis
- 4.3 – Psychological Detection
- 4.3.1 – The Psychologist as Expert Witness
- 4.3.2 – Psychological Testing of Witnesses
- 4.1 – Physiological Detection
Part II: Pretrial Identification
- 5. Police Procedures
- 5.1 – Identification Methods
- 5.2 – The Showup
- 5.3 – The Lineup
- 5.3.1 – Composition
- 5.3.2 – Police Conduct of Lineup
- 5.4 – Photographic Displays
- 5.5 – Composites and Artists’ Sketches
- 5.6 – Voice Identification
- 6. The Right Against Self-Incrimination in Identification Proceedings
- 6.1 – The Nature of the Right
- 6.2 – Comment Upon Refusal to Appear in Lineup
- 7. The Right to Counsel at Identification Proceedings
- 7.1 – The Nature of the Right: Wade – Kirby
- 7.2 – The Role of Counsel at Lineups
- 7.3 – Substitute Counsel
- 7.4 – Waiver of Counsel
- 7.5 – The “Lawrence Lineup”
- 8. Due Process: Fairness of Identification Procedures
- 8.1 – Evolution of the Reliability Test: Stovall – Biggers
- 8.2 – Admissibility of Suggestive Pretrial Identification: Gilbert – Brathwaite
- 8.3 – Photographic Identification Standards: Simmons – Brathwaite
- 9. Pretrial Defense Procedures
- 9.1 – Discovery of Eyewitness Evidence
- 9.2 – Deposing the Eyewitness
- 9.3 – Conducting a Defense Lineup or Photographic Display
Part III: Identification in Trial
- 10. Suppression of In-Court Identification
- 10.1 – Issues, Burdens and Procedures
- 10.2 – The Prosecutor’s Duty to Disclose: Agurs
- 10.3 – Due Process: Effect of Suggestive Pretrial Identification on In-Court Identification
- 10.3.1 – Fairness vs. Reliability
- 10.3.2 – The “Independent Source” Rule
- 10.4 – Denial of Counsel at Post-Indictment Lineup
- 10.5 – Identification Arising from Illegal Search or Arrest: Crews
- 11. Corroboration of Identification Testimony
- 11.1 – Third-Party Corroboration and the “One Witness” Rule
- 11.2 – Evidence of Prior Identification: “Bolstering”
- 11.2.1 – Admissibility Generally: Hearsay
- 11.2.2 – Suppressing Evidence of Prior Identification
- 11.2.2.1 – Due Process and the Per Se Exclusionary Rule: Gilbert – Brathwaite
- 11.2.2.2 – Denial of Counsel at Post-Indictment Lineup
- 11.2.2.3 – Identification Tainted by Illegal Search or Arrest
- 11.3 – The Cautionary Jury Instruction: Telfaire
- 12. Cross-Examination
- 12.1 – General Considerations
- 12.1.1 – In-Court Lineups, Experiments, Demonstrations and the Use of Psychological Testimony
- 12.1.2 – Restriction by Trial Judge of Cross-Examination: Denial of Confrontation
- 12.2 – Establishing Suggestiveness of Pretrial Identification Procedures: Illustrative Cross-Examination
- 12.2.1 – Cross-Examination at Hearing of Police Office Supervising Lineup
- 12.2.2 – Cross-Examination at Hearing of Eyewitness at Lineup
- 12.3 – Establishing Unreliability of Identification: Illustrative Cross-Examination
- 12.3.1 – Cross-Examination at Trial of Eyewitness
- Reviews
"Interesting and informative" - Trial Diplomacy Journal
"An excellent checklist for trial lawyers." - New York State Bar Journal